46 tools
This power converter page supports ton of refrigeration and British thermal unit per hour among selectable units, enabling BTU/hr-to-ton conversions on the same tool. It is designed for quick in-browser unit switching and live recalculation. The converter is accessible for free without mandatory paid plans.
Calculates the change in length or volume of materials based on temperature fluctuations, using basic classical mechanics principles. Users input initial dimensions, material properties, and temperature changes to receive accurate expansion or contraction estimates. Engineers, scientists, and students working with thermal systems or needing precise measurements under varying temperatures will find this tool invaluable for ensuring design accuracy and safety in applications like machinery, construction, and electronics.
Calculates thermal conductivity of materials or heat flux through objects based on input parameters such as material type, thickness, temperature difference, and area. Helps users in engineering, physics, and materials science to understand and apply principles of heat transfer in various applications like insulation design, building construction, and electronic components cooling. Engineers, scientists, and professionals working with thermal systems, including HVAC technicians, architects, and researchers studying material properties, use this tool to quickly determine thermal conductivity values. It saves time and reduces errors compared to manual calculations, ensuring accurate results for designing efficient thermal systems in buildings, machinery, and electronics.
Calculates temperature and volume of a gas in an isobaric process. The Charles' law calculator uses the relationship between temperature and volume to find unknown values when one is known. Enter two of the three variables (temperature, pressure, or volume) for the calculation. Scientists, engineers, and students studying physics will use this tool to solve problems involving ideal gases under isobaric conditions. It's a quick reference for calculating how changes in temperature affect gas volume and vice versa.
Calculates the density of an ideal gas based on its pressure, volume, and temperature using the ideal gas law. Enter the known values into the provided fields, and the calculator will determine the gas's density. Ideal for students, educators, and professionals in physics, chemistry, and engineering who need to perform quick calculations related to gas properties.
Calculates the heat generated by a current-carrying cable using Joule's first law of thermodynamics. Enter the cable's resistance, voltage, and current to determine the power dissipated as heat. Ideal for electrical engineers, hobbyists, and anyone needing to understand energy loss in electrical systems. Helps users ensure safe operation of electrical cables, estimate energy consumption, and troubleshoot issues related to heat generation in wiring. Essential for designing efficient circuits and maintaining equipment longevity.
Calculates the Nusselt number, a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer to characterize forced and natural convection processes. The tool establishes the relationship between the length of a convection transfer region, the convective heat transfer coefficient, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid medium. Users input key physical parameters related to fluid dynamics and thermal properties, allowing the calculator to determine how effectively heat is transferred through conduction versus convection in various systems. Engineers and students studying classical mechanics or thermodynamics utilize this resource for academic problem-solving and preliminary design work. It provides a straightforward means of quantifying convective heat transfer efficiency without requiring complex derivations.
Calculates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass by one degree Celsius using the formula Q = m * c * ΔT, where Q is the heat energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Helps users in physics, chemistry, and engineering to determine the thermal properties of materials or substances. Ideal for students, researchers, and professionals needing to understand or calculate how much energy is needed to change the temperature of a material.
Calculates thermal energy by estimating the kinetic energy of molecules in an ideal gas based on temperature and mass. Enter values for these parameters, and the calculator outputs the thermal energy. Engineers, scientists, and students studying thermodynamics will find this tool useful for quickly determining thermal energy in gases for educational purposes or practical applications like heating and cooling systems.
Calculates the relationship between volume, pressure, and temperature in real gases using the Van der Waals equation. This tool assists users in understanding the behavior of gases under various conditions beyond the ideal gas law limitations. Scientists, engineers, and students interested in thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, or material science would benefit from this calculator. It helps them solve practical problems related to gas compression, liquefaction, and phase transitions, providing accurate results essential for research and educational purposes.
Calculates required time and energy to heat water based on initial temperature, final temperature, mass of water, and heating method. User inputs these parameters, and the calculator outputs the necessary details for efficient water heating. Helps users plan and manage household water heating needs accurately, ensuring they have enough time and resources before initiating a heating process, thereby saving both energy and time.
Calculates the Biot number, which determines how efficiently heat transfers from a body's surface to its interior. Users input parameters such as the material's thermal diffusivity, characteristic length, and convective heat transfer coefficient, then the calculator provides the Biot number. This helps in assessing whether heat conduction within the body is dominant or if external convection plays a more significant role. Engineers, scientists, and students working with heat transfer problems in materials science, mechanical engineering, and related fields would use this tool to understand the thermal behavior of bodies under different conditions. It aids in designing systems where heat transfer efficiency is critical, ensuring optimal performance and safety.
Calculates the coefficient of performance for both reversible and irreversible refrigerators and heat pumps. Users input system parameters like power consumption and heat transfer to get the efficiency ratio, essential for evaluating energy efficiency in HVAC systems. Professionals in engineering, architecture, and environmental science use it to optimize cooling and heating solutions, ensuring maximum energy savings and sustainable practices.
Calculates the heat capacity of a body by requiring inputs such as mass, specific heat, and temperature change. Users enter these values, and the calculator performs the necessary mathematical operations to determine how much thermal energy is required to raise the temperature of the object by one degree. Scientists, engineers, and students in physics and related fields use this tool to understand and calculate the heat capacity of materials for various applications, from designing more efficient engines to studying thermodynamics in educational settings.
Calculates pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas based on the ideal gas law formula PV=nRT. Users input known values to solve for unknowns in equations related to gas behavior under varying conditions. Ideal for students, educators, scientists, and professionals working with gases in chemistry, physics, engineering, or environmental science who need quick, accurate calculations without manual derivation.
Calculates the energy released or absorbed during phase transitions like melting or vaporizing. Users input the substance, initial temperature, and final state to determine latent heat values, essential for thermodynamic calculations in engineering and scientific research. Scientists, engineers, and students needing accurate thermodynamic data for experiments or theoretical work will find this tool invaluable. It simplifies complex calculations, allowing quick assessment of energy changes during phase transitions without deep knowledge of the underlying physics.
Calculates the mean free path of particles in an ideal gas using inputs like particle velocity, temperature, and gas density. This tool employs basic kinetic theory principles to estimate the average distance a particle travels before colliding with another molecule. It's useful for students, researchers, and engineers working in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering. Helps users understand fundamental concepts of gas dynamics and collisions at the molecular level. Ideal for academic assignments, research papers, and practical applications where precise knowledge of mean free path is necessary, such as in plasma physics, semiconductor manufacturing, and atmospheric science.
Calculates the root mean square velocity of particles in a gas using the kinetic theory of gases principles. Users input temperature and molar mass, and the calculator outputs the RMS velocity. Scientists, engineers, and students interested in understanding molecular dynamics and thermodynamics would use this tool to estimate particle speeds in gases at different temperatures and compositions.
Calculates the properties of a gas using its specific gas constant. The tool requires inputs such as temperature, pressure, and volume to determine various gas characteristics like density, molar mass, and enthalpy. It simplifies complex physics calculations for educational purposes and practical applications in engineering. Researchers, students, and professionals in fields like chemistry, meteorology, and mechanical engineering would use this calculator to quickly solve problems related to gas behavior under different conditions. It aids in understanding fundamental principles of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, making it an invaluable resource for learning and problem-solving in these disciplines.
Calculates the final temperature when two objects are placed in thermal equilibrium, considering their initial temperatures and heat capacities. It uses basic principles of physics to estimate the temperature at which no net energy transfer occurs between the systems. Helps users in educational settings, engineering applications, and DIY projects where understanding thermal dynamics is crucial. Ideal for students learning about thermodynamics, engineers designing systems with thermal considerations, and anyone curious about how objects reach thermal balance.
Calculates the thermal resistance of various objects using fundamental principles of classical mechanics. This tool allows users to determine thermal resistance values for three distinct geometric shapes: a solid plate, a hollow cylinder, and a hollow sphere. Users input specific dimensions and material properties into the designated fields, and the calculator applies relevant physical formulas to provide an accurate estimate of heat transfer opposition for each object type. Engineers, physics students, and technical professionals utilize this resource when analyzing heat flow and thermal management systems. It provides a quick method for assessing how effectively different geometries resist heat transfer in various engineering designs.
Calculates relative probabilities of two states in a system at thermal equilibrium using the Boltzmann factor formula. Users input temperature and energy difference to find the probability ratio between states, aiding in understanding physical systems' behavior under different conditions. Engineers, physicists, and researchers in structural and materials engineering use this calculator for analyzing molecular configurations, phase transitions, and material properties at various temperatures, enhancing their ability to model and predict system behaviors accurately.
Calculates the effectiveness of heat exchangers using the NTU method, determining either design requirements or performance based on given parameters such as heat transfer rates, fluid properties, and geometrical characteristics. Engineers and HVAC professionals use this tool to assess the efficiency of heat exchanger systems in various applications, ensuring optimal performance and energy savings.
Calculates the enthalpy of any endothermic or exothermic reaction using input values such as temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. Helps users understand energy changes in reactions by providing accurate thermodynamic data for educational and practical purposes in fields like chemistry and physics. Researchers, students, and professionals working with chemical processes or studying thermodynamics will find this tool invaluable for determining the energy absorbed or released during reactions. It simplifies complex calculations, allowing them to focus on interpreting results and applying them to real-world scenarios in research, education, or industrial settings.
